Neolithic Period


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Neolithic Period

Neolithic Period (7000-1000 BC)

  • The main sites of this period - Adamgarh, Chiran (Bihar), Baloochistan, U.P.'s Belan Valley, Burzahom and Guffarakral (Kashmir), Mehargarh, West Benga Peninsular India, Kotdiji etc.
  • The main tools of this period - polished stone tools stone axe, small stone tools and bone tools etc.
  • Beginning of Settled Life

  • About 6,000 years ago the first urban societies came into being in both the western and southern Asia regions.
  • The advancement in the human life was the domestication of a large number of animals and plants.
  • Around 7,000 B.C., humans in west Asia started domesticated crops like wheat and barley.
  • Rice might have been domesticated at the same time in India as it is shown by the evidence from Koldihwa in the Belan valley.
  • The domestication of various animals and successful exploitation of various species of wild plants ushered a shift towards permanent settlements, which gradually lead the economic and cultural developments.
  • Neolithic-Agriculture Regions

  • The Neolithic-agriculture based regions (in Indian), can be categorized into four groups:
  • Indus system and its western borderland;
  • Ganga valley;
  • Western India and the northern Deccan; and
  • Southern Deccan.
  •  

  • Main features - Beginning of agricultural work, beginning of animal husbandry, construction of pottery,weaving cloth, cooking food by fire, man became permanent resident,construction of thatch and bamboo hut, boat construction etc.
  • Evidence of rice from Belanghati (UP), evidence of agriculture (first from Mehargarh), evidence of the oldest animal husbandry have been obtained from Adamgarh and Bagore.
  • The residents of Burghholm used pottery.
  • Burzahom was the first Neolithic site to be discovered in Kashmir. After many excavations, burials of this phase were discovered, usually under house floors or in the compounds. Apart from human burials, animals specially dogs with their masters were sometimes buried along with humans or in separate graves.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Around 7,000 B.C., humans in west Asia started domesticated crops like _______________.

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
    Question : 2
    The Gufkral prehistoric site is located in which state / Union Territory of India?
    Right Option : C
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    Which of the following are correct about Neolithic Period :

    (a) In Neolithic Period, Based on agriculture , the regions are divided in four parts.

    (b) Indus system and its western borderland; and Ganga valley are the regions of agriculture.

    (c) Western India and the northern Deccan; and Southern Deccan are the regions of agriculture..

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
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